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High tibial osteotomy is an orthopaedic surgical procedure which aims to correct a varus deformation with compartmental osteoarthritis.Since the inception of the procedure, advancements to technique, fixation devices, and a better understanding of patient selection has allowed HTO to become more popular in younger, more active patients hoping to combat arthritis. [1]
Children until the age of 3 to 4 have a degree of genu varum. The child sits with the soles of the feet facing one another; the tibia and femur are curved outwards; and, if the limbs are extended, although the ankles are in contact, there is a distinct space between the knee-joints.
X-ray of Femoral Osteotomy hardware to correct femoral rotation caused by hip dysplasia. X-ray of the right hip in female patient in early thirties. Two main types of osteotomies are used in the correction of hip dysplasias and deformities to improve alignment/interaction of acetabulum – (socket) – and femoral head – (ball), innominate osteotomies and femoral osteotomies.
The knee is a modified hinge joint, a type of synovial joint, which is composed of three functional compartments: the patellofemoral articulation, consisting of the patella, or "kneecap", and the patellar groove on the front of the femur through which it slides; and the medial and lateral tibiofemoral articulations linking the femur, or thigh bone, with the tibia, the main bone of the lower ...
Apophysitis of the tibial tubercle, Lannelongue's disease, [1] osteochondrosis of the tibial tubercle [2] Lateral view X-ray of the knee demonstrating fragmentation of the tibial tubercle with overlying soft tissue swelling. Specialty: Orthopedics: Symptoms: Painful bump just below the knee, worse with activity and better with rest [3] Usual onset
The tibial tuberosity thus forms the terminal part of the large structure that acts as a lever to extend the knee-joint and prevents the knee from collapsing when the foot strikes the ground. [1] The two ligaments, the patella, and the tibial tuberosity are all superficial, easily palpable structures. [2]
Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is the dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon. It is a progressive disease that has four stages [ 1 ] and is the most common cause of adult flatfoot . [ 2 ]
Exercises that include strengthening of hip flexors, hip abductors and knee flexors helps to recover faster post operatively. [ medical citation needed ] Before the surgery is performed, pre-operative tests are done: usually a complete blood count , electrolytes , APTT and PT to measure blood clotting , chest X-rays , ECG , and blood cross ...