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The evolution of the lower caste and tribe into the modern-day Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe is complex. The caste system as a stratification of classes in India originated about 2,000 years ago, and has been influenced by dynasties and ruling elites, including the Mughal Empire and the British Raj.
Further, many perpetrators of caste-based atrocities get away scot free due to shoddy investigations and the negligence of prosecuting advocates,” rued the bench. “This results in low conviction rates under the SC/ST Act, giving rise to the erroneous perception that cases registered under the Act are false and that it is being misused.
Out of this population, 10,846,333 people live in rural areas. This represents approximately 6.89% of India's total Scheduled Caste population, which stands at 201,378,086. [4] Andhra Pradesh, prior to the formation of Telangana, comprised 60 distinct castes.
In accordance with The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders (Amendment) Act, 1976. [4]The autonomous districts comprise Bodoland Territorial Council, Karbi Anglong and North Cachar Hills districts.
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Research and Training Institute (SCSTRTI), ST & SC Development Department, Govt. of Odisha. ISBN 978-93-80705-47-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 19, 2023.
According to the 2011 census, 73.3% SC population predominantly lives in rural areas and 26.6% in urban areas of Punjab. In the state, 60.8% SCs follow Sikhism, 38.8% Hinduism and 0.3% Buddhism. [18] Below is the list of districts according to the percentage of their SC population, according to 2011 census. [19] [20] [21]
The first National Commission for Scheduled Castes was constituted in 2004 with Suraj Bhan as the chairman. The second was constituted in May 2007 (chairperson: Buta Singh); the third from October 2010 (P. L. Punia); and the fourth from 2013, also with Punia as chairperson.
The following are the functions of the commission: [1] To investigate and monitor all matters relating to the safeguards provided for the Scheduled Tribes under the Constitution or under any other law for the time being in force or under any order of the Government and to evaluate the working of such safeguards;