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The oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) or oxygen enhancement effect in radiobiology refers to the enhancement of therapeutic or detrimental effect of ionizing radiation due to the presence of oxygen. This so-called oxygen effect [ 1 ] is most notable when cells are exposed to an ionizing radiation dose .
The best known explanation of the oxygen effect is the oxygen fixation hypothesis developed by Alexander in 1962, [9] which posited that radiation-induced non-restorable or "fixed" nuclear DNA lesions are lethal to cells in the presence of diatomic oxygen. [10] [11] Recent hypotheses include one based on oxygen-enhanced damage from first ...
Oxygen enhancement ratio, effect magnitude of ionizing radiation due to the presence of oxygen Oxygen Evolution Reaction , the formation of oxygen by electrochemical reduction of water Owner’s Equivalent Rent, an economic metric for housing prices often used in the calculation of market baskets
V̇O 2 max (also maximal oxygen consumption, maximal oxygen uptake or maximal aerobic capacity) is the maximum rate of oxygen consumption attainable during physical exertion. [1] [2] The name is derived from three abbreviations: "V̇" for volume (the dot over the V indicates "per unit of time" in Newton's notation), "O 2" for oxygen, and "max" for maximum and usually normalized per kilogram of ...
In 2017, NICE described it as an option for early breast cancer. [ 11 ] The 2015 update of guidelines of the Association of Gynaecological Oncology (AGO) (an autonomous community of the German Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) and the German Cancer Society) includes TARGIT IORT during lumpectomy as a recommended option for women with ...
Multiple studies have investigated this possibility, one being Jin. et al., 2020, where it was observed that circulating blood cells experienced a significantly lower impact during FLASH-RT, resulting in the killing of only 5-10% of cells, in contrast, CONV-RT exhibited a much more substantial effect, leading to the death of 90-100% of cells. [14]
Tumor stroma and extracellular matrix in hypoxia. Tumor hypoxia is the situation where tumor cells have been deprived of oxygen.As a tumor grows, it rapidly outgrows its blood supply, leaving portions of the tumor with regions where the oxygen concentration is significantly lower than in healthy tissues.
The 2015 update of guidelines of the Association of Gynecological Oncology (AGO), an autonomous community of the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG) and the German Cancer Society includes TARGIT IORT during lumpectomy as a recommended option for women with a T1, Grade 1 or 2, ER positive breast cancer.