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α - RA, right ascension, if the Greek letter does not appear, á letter will appear. δ - Dec, declination, if the Greek letter does not appear, ä letter will appear. P or P orb or T - orbital period; a - semi-major axis; b - semi-minor axis; q - periapsis, the minimum distance; Q - apoapsis, the maximum distance; e - eccentricity; i ...
The "time" axis gives the angular frequency (rad⋅s −1) and the "space" axis represents the angular wavenumber (rad⋅m −1). Green and indigo represent left and right polarization. In empty space, the photon moves at c (the speed of light) and its energy and momentum are related by E = pc, where p is the magnitude of the momentum vector p.
Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities. In these contexts, the capital letters and the small letters represent distinct and unrelated entities.
also called the magnetic field density or magnetic induction tesla (T), or equivalently, weber per square meter (Wb/m 2) capacitance: farad (F) heat capacity: joule per kelvin (J⋅K −1) constant of integration: varied depending on context speed of light (in vacuum) 299,792,458 meters per second (m/s) speed of sound
Einstein used V in his original German-language papers on special relativity in 1905, but in 1907 he switched to c, which by then had become the standard symbol for the speed of light. [8] [9] Sometimes c is used for the speed of waves in any material medium, and c 0 for the speed of light in vacuum. [10]
A unit of length used to express astronomical distances that is equivalent to the distance that an object moving at the speed of light in vacuum would travel in one Julian year: approximately 9.46 trillion kilometres (9.46 × 10 12 km) or 5.88 trillion miles (5.88 × 10 12 mi).
The written symbols for Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, and Saturn have been traced to forms found in late Greek papyrus texts. [9] The symbols for Jupiter and Saturn are identified as monograms of the corresponding Greek names, and the symbol for Mercury is a stylized caduceus. [9]
For example, a wavenumber in inverse centimeters can be converted to a frequency expressed in the unit gigahertz by multiplying by 29.979 2458 cm/ns (the speed of light, in centimeters per nanosecond); [5] conversely, an electromagnetic wave at 29.9792458 GHz has a wavelength of 1 cm in free space.