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  2. Calculus (dental) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_(dental)

    Chisels and hoes are used to remove bands of calculus, whereas files are used to crush burnished or tenacious calculus. [39] Ultrasonic scalers, also known as power scalers, are effective in removing calculus, stain, and plaque. These scalers are also useful for root planing, curettage, and surgical debridement. [39]

  3. Periodontal curette - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_curette

    They are typically the instrument of choice for subgingival calculus removal. [1] Universal and Gracey curettes are typically used during nonsurgical periodontal therapy of a patient's dental hygiene care. [2] The goal of nonsurgical periodontal therapy is to eliminate inflammation and return the patient's periodontium back to health. [3]

  4. Gingivectomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingivectomy

    Gingivectomy is the primary treatment method available in reducing the pocket depths of patients with periodontitis and suprabony pockets. [4] [5] In a retrospective comparison between different treatment approach to periodontitis management based on the initial and final gingival health, conventional gingivectomy was proven to be more successful in reducing pocket depths and inflammation ...

  5. Scaling and root planing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaling_and_root_planing

    Scaling and root planing, also known as conventional periodontal therapy, non-surgical periodontal therapy or deep cleaning, is a procedure involving removal of dental plaque and calculus (scaling or debridement) and then smoothing, or planing, of the (exposed) surfaces of the roots, removing cementum or dentine that is impregnated with calculus, toxins, or microorganisms, [1] the agents that ...

  6. Debridement (dental) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debridement_(dental)

    In dentistry, debridement refers to the removal by dental cleaning of accumulations of plaque and calculus (tartar) in order to maintain dental health. [1] Debridement may be performed using ultrasonic instruments, which fracture the calculus, thereby facilitating its removal, as well as hand tools, including periodontal scaler and curettes, or through the use of chemicals such as hydrogen ...

  7. Periodontal scaler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_scaler

    Together with periodontal curettes, periodontal scalers are used to remove calculus from teeth. While curettes are often universal in that they can be used on both supra- and sub-gingival calculus removals, scalers are restricted to supra-gingival use. [1] Use of a scaler below the gum line is likely to damage the gingiva (gums). [2]

  8. Periodontology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontology

    It requires a few appointments, depending on time and clinician skills, for effective removal of supragingival and subgingival calculus, when periodontal pockets are involved. It can assist in periodontal healing and reduce periodontal pocketing by changing the subgingival ecological environment. [44]

  9. Gingival sulcus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingival_sulcus

    1) Enamel 2) Dentin 3) Junctional epithelium 4) Connective tissue 5) Alveolar bone 6) Gingival margin 7) Sulcular epithelium 8) Gingival epithelium 9) Cementum The dentogingival tissues consist of many constituents, such as the enamel or cementum of the tooth and the connective tissue supporting epithelia like the junctional epithelium, the gingival epithelium and the sulcular epithelium.