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West Germany banned bootleg grounding in 1973, although it was common practice before and can still be found in older installations. [citation needed] In Finland, using neutral as a ground conductor was a common practice until 1989. [3] After that, a thicker PEN-wire was used as both ground and neutral until it was banned in 2007. [4]
The National Electrical Code (NEC) specifies that the black conductor represent the hot conductor, with significant voltage to earth ground; the white conductor represent the identified or neutral conductor, near ground potential; [11] and the bare/green conductor, the safety grounding conductor not normally used to carry circuit current.
A chassis ground is a link between different metallic parts of a machine to ensure an electrical connection between them. [1] Examples include electronic instruments and motor vehicles. Usages
While the national wiring regulations for buildings of many countries follow the IEC 60364 terminology, in North America (United States and Canada), the term "equipment grounding conductor" refers to equipment grounds and ground wires on branch circuits, and "grounding electrode conductor" is used for conductors bonding an earth/ground rod ...
The neutral conductor of a 3-phase, 4-wire system and the middle conductor of a 2- phase, 3-wire system must have at least 2 separate and distinct earth connections with a minimum of 2 different earth electrodes to have a satisfactory earth resistance; The earth electrodes must be interconnected to reduce earth resistance
An example showing mains-powered electronic instruments with a floating ground. (Demonstrates three of the typical reasons for a floating ground.) Fourthly, a floating ground can help eliminate ground loops, [3] which reduces the noise coupled to the system. The image on the right shows an example of such a configuration.
It is important to note this action occurs regardless of whether there is a connection to the physical ground (earth); the earth itself has no role in this fault-clearing process [4] since current must return to its source; however, the sources are very frequently connected to the physical ground (earth). [5] (see Kirchhoff's circuit laws). By ...
A residual-current device (RCD), residual-current circuit breaker (RCCB) or ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) [a] is an electrical safety device, more specifically a form of Earth-leakage circuit breaker, that interrupts an electrical circuit when the current passing through line and neutral conductors of a circuit is not equal (the term residual relating to the imbalance), therefore ...