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x86 (also known as 80x86 [3] or the 8086 family [4]) is a family of complex instruction set computer (CISC) instruction set architectures [a] initially developed by Intel, based on the 8086 microprocessor and its 8-bit-external-bus variant, the 8088.
The x86 instruction set refers to the set of instructions that x86-compatible microprocessors support. The instructions are usually part of an executable program, often stored as a computer file and executed on the processor. The x86 instruction set has been extended several times, introducing wider registers and datatypes as well as new ...
x86 assembly language is a family of low-level programming languages that are used to produce object code for the x86 class of processors. These languages provide backward compatibility with CPUs dating back to the Intel 8008 microprocessor, introduced in April 1972.
The FLAGS register is the status register that contains the current state of an x86 CPU.The size and meanings of the flag bits are architecture dependent. It usually reflects the result of arithmetic operations as well as information about restrictions placed on the CPU operation at the current time.
Intel's second generation of 32-bit x86 processors, introduced built-in floating point unit (FPU), 8 KB on-chip L1 cache, and pipelining. Faster per MHz than the 386. Small number of new instructions. P5 original Pentium microprocessors, first x86 processor with super-scalar architecture and branch prediction. P6
The longest possible instruction on x86 is 15 bytes (120 bits). [14] Within an instruction set, different instructions may have different lengths. In some architectures, notably most reduced instruction set computers (RISC), instructions are a fixed length, typically corresponding with that architecture's word size.
x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64) [note 1] is a 64-bit extension of the x86 instruction set architecture first announced in 1999. It introduces two new operating modes: 64-bit mode and compatibility mode, along with a new four-level paging mechanism.
In these conventions, the callee cleans up the arguments from the stack. Functions which use these conventions are easy to recognize in ASM code because they will unwind the stack after returning. The x86 ret instruction allows an optional 16-bit parameter that specifies the number of stack bytes to release after returning to the caller. Such ...