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  2. Relativistic rocket - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_rocket

    Relativistic rocket means any spacecraft that travels close enough to light speed for relativistic effects to become significant. The meaning of "significant" is a matter of context, but often a threshold velocity of 30% to 50% of the speed of light (0.3 c to 0.5 c ) is used.

  3. Bell's spaceship paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell's_spaceship_paradox

    This means, by definition, that with respect to S the distance between the two rockets does not change even when they speed up to relativistic velocities." [ 1 ] Then this setup is repeated again, but this time the back of the first rocket is connected with the front of the second rocket by a silk thread.

  4. Four-momentum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-momentum

    Given that in general for a closed system with generalized coordinates q i and canonical momenta p i, [3] = =, = =, it is immediate (recalling x 0 = ct, x 1 = x, x 2 = y, x 3 = z and x 0 = −x 0, x 1 = x 1, x 2 = x 2, x 3 = x 3 in the present metric convention) that = = (,) is a covariant four-vector with the three-vector part being the ...

  5. Free particle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_particle

    A free particle with mass in non-relativistic quantum mechanics is described by the free Schrödinger equation: (,) = (,) where ψ is the wavefunction of the particle at position r and time t . The solution for a particle with momentum p or wave vector k , at angular frequency ω or energy E , is given by a complex plane wave :

  6. Antimatter rocket - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter_rocket

    An antimatter rocket is a proposed class of rockets that use antimatter as their power source. There are several designs that attempt to accomplish this goal. The advantage to this class of rocket is that a large fraction of the rest mass of a matter/antimatter mixture may be converted to energy, allowing antimatter rockets to have a far higher energy density and specific impulse than any ...

  7. Evgeny Lifshitz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evgeny_Lifshitz

    Evgeny Mikhailovich Lifshitz [1] ForMemRS [2] (Ukrainian: Євге́н Миха́йлович Лі́фшиць, Russian: Евге́ний Миха́йлович Ли́фшиц; 21 February 1915, Kharkiv – 29 October 1985, Moscow) was a leading Soviet physicist and brother of the physicist Ilya Lifshitz.

  8. Bethe formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethe_formula

    The non-relativistic version was found by Hans Bethe in 1930; the relativistic version (shown below) was found by him in 1932. [2] The most probable energy loss differs from the mean energy loss and is described by the Landau-Vavilov distribution. [3]

  9. Canonical quantization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical_quantization

    As it turns out, the only pairs of these properties that lead to self-consistent, nontrivial solutions are 2 & 3, and possibly 1 & 3 or 1 & 4. Accepting properties 1 & 2, along with a weaker condition that 3 be true only asymptotically in the limit ħ →0 (see Moyal bracket ), leads to deformation quantization , and some extraneous information ...