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A reactionless drive is a hypothetical device producing motion without the exhaust of a propellant.A propellantless drive is not necessarily reactionless when it constitutes an open system interacting with external fields; but a reactionless drive is a particular case of a propellantless drive that is a closed system, presumably in contradiction with the law of conservation of momentum.
The EMS-1 and more recently the Yamato 1 [1] are examples of such electromagnetic Field propulsion systems, first described in 1994. [2] There is potential to apply MHD to the space environment such as in experiments like NASA's electrodynamic tether , Lorentz Actuated Orbits , [ 3 ] the wingless electromagnetic air vehicle , and ...
Magnetic sail animation. A magnetic sail is a proposed method of spacecraft propulsion where an onboard magnetic field source interacts with a plasma wind (e.g., the solar wind) to form an artificial magnetosphere (similar to Earth's magnetosphere) that acts as a sail, transferring force from the wind to the spacecraft requiring little to no propellant as detailed for each proposed magnetic ...
Atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion, or air-breathing electric propulsion, shortly ABEP, [1] is a propulsion technology for spacecraft, which could allow thrust generation in low orbits without the need of on-board propellant, by using residual gases in the atmosphere as propellant.
A fusion rocket is a theoretical design for a rocket driven by fusion propulsion that could provide efficient and sustained acceleration in space without the need to carry a large fuel supply. The design requires fusion power technology beyond current capabilities, and much larger and more complex rockets.
Launch of a bottle without nose cone or fins. Launching a water rocket. The rocket is in its peak with no water inside it. Water and gas are used in combination, with the gas providing a means to store energy, as it is compressible, and the water increasing the propellant mass fraction and providing greater force when ejected from the rocket's ...
All designs for electromagnetic propulsion operate on the principle of reaction mass. A hypothetical drive which did not expel propellant in order to produce a reaction force, providing thrust while being a closed system with no external interaction, would be a reactionless drive, violating the conservation of momentum and Newton's third law. [17]
RS-27A—American RP-1/LOX engine first flown in 1990. [3] Vulcain—A family of European first stage engines using LH2/LOX flown on Ariane 5 and Ariane 6. [4] Merlin—RP-1/LOX engine developed by SpaceX for Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy, used on both first and second stages. [5] RS-68—LH2/LOX engine built in the 1990s by Aerojet Rocketdyne ...