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In the ancient Israelite religion, the holy anointing oil (Biblical Hebrew: שמן המשחה, romanized: shemen ha-mishchah, lit. 'oil of anointing') formed an integral part of the ordination of the priesthood and the High Priest as well as in the consecration of the articles of the Tabernacle (Exodus 30:26) [1] and subsequent temples in Jerusalem.
Shemen (Hebrew: שמן, romanized: šemen) is the most commonly used word for oil in the Hebrew ... context of spices to be used to make anointing oil and ...
Shemen afarsimon (Hebrew: שֶׁמֶן אֲפַרְסְמוֹן šemen ʾăp̄arsəmōn) was a prized oil used in antiquity. The ancient Jewish community of Ein Gedi was known for its cultivation of the afarsimon.
Anointing guests with oil as a mark of hospitality and token of honor is recorded in Egypt, Greece, and Rome, as well as in the Hebrew scriptures. [1] It was a common custom among the ancient Hebrews [n 4] and continued among the Arabs into the 20th century. [11]
Rav Yehudah composed a special blessing for balsam: "Who creates the oil of our land". [9] Young women used it as a perfume to seduce young men. [10] After King Josiah hid away the holy anointing oil, balsam oil was used in its stead. [11] In the messianic era, the righteous will "bathe in 13 rivers of balsam". [12] [3]
Myrrh is mentioned as a rare perfume in several places in the Hebrew Bible. In Genesis 37:25, the traders to whom Jacob's sons sold their brother Joseph had "camels... loaded with spices, balm, and myrrh," and Exodus 30:23–25 specifies that Moses was to use 500 shekels of liquid myrrh as a core ingredient of the sacred anointing oil.
The concepts of mashiach, messianism, and of a Messianic Age originated in Judaism, [1] [2] and in the Hebrew Bible, in which a mashiach is a king or High Priest traditionally anointed with holy anointing oil.
The laws regarding anointing oil for the kings are explained, including the history of the practice (in Horayot 11b-12a), [33] and also in the Jerusalem Talmud (in Horayot 3:4, 47c). [34] The sages describe how anointing oil was made only one time in history by Moses (Ex.30:31-33).