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Petroleum industry waste, including frac flowback and produced water, cannot be discharged to the waters of the United States, except under an NPDES or equivalent state permit. [ 10 ] In 1987, Congress amended the Act, [ 11 ] requiring the EPA to develop a permitting program for storm water runoff, [ 12 ] but the exploration, production, and ...
Environmental Protection Agency illustration of the water cycle of hydraulic fracturing. Fracking in the United States began in 1949. [1] According to the Department of Energy (DOE), by 2013 at least two million oil and gas wells in the US had been hydraulically fractured, and that of new wells being drilled, up to 95% are hydraulically fractured.
The main tool used by this approach is risk assessment. A risk assessment method, based on experimenting and assessing risk ex-post, once the technology is in place. In the context of hydraulic fracturing, it means that drilling permits are issued and exploitation conducted before the potential risks on the environment and human health are known.
A state water quality commission opened a weeklong series of hearings as the nation’s No. 2 state for petroleum production begins to build out a series of rules that initially prohibit the ...
Sep. 18—If the New Mexico oil and gas industry recycled 95% of the wastewater it produces, there would still be 1.9 billion barrels left over. What to do with that water — the salty byproduct ...
The United States Geological Survey notes that fracking involves injecting water into bedrock to loosen it and retrieving oil and gas deposits. What is fracking? How the process works.
State regulation falls into two major categories: landfill bans and recycling goals. Landfill bans make it illegal to dispose of certain items in a landfill. Most often these items include yard waste, oil, and recyclables easily collected in curbside recycling programs. States with landfill bans of recyclables include Wisconsin, California ...
Now, lawmakers are stepping forward with a bill which would expand the definition of fracking to include CO2, instead of requiring the use of water for something to be labeled as fracking.