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  2. Oroantral fistula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oroantral_fistula

    An oroantral fistula (OAF) is an epithelialized oroantral communication (OAC), which refers to an abnormal connection between the oral cavity and the antrum. [1] The creation of an OAC is most commonly due to the extraction of a maxillary tooth (typically a maxillary first molar ) which is closely related to the antral floor.

  3. Maxillary sinus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillary_sinus

    An OAC that is smaller than 2mm can heal spontaneously i.e. closure of the opening. [11] Those that are larger than 2mm have a higher chance of developing into oro-antral fistula (OAF). [11] The passage is only defined as an OAF if it is persistent and lined by epithelium. [11]

  4. Valsalva maneuver - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valsalva_maneuver

    Oral–antral communication [ edit ] A variant of the Valsalva maneuver is used to aid diagnosis of oral–antral communication, i.e., the existence of a connection between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus .

  5. Phonation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonation

    During glottal closure, the air flow is cut off until breath pressure pushes the folds apart and the flow starts up again, causing the cycles to repeat. [8] The textbook entitled Myoelastic Aerodynamic Theory of Phonation [ 7 ] by Ingo Titze credits Janwillem van den Berg as the originator of the theory and provides detailed mathematical ...

  6. Dental extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_extraction

    If the membrane is perforated, however, it is a "sinus communication". These two conditions are treated differently. In the event of a sinus communication, the dentist may decide to let it heal on its own, or, may need to surgically obtain primary closure—depending on the size of the exposure and the likelihood of the patient to heal.

  7. Articulatory phonetics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Articulatory_phonetics

    During the click, the air becomes rarefied between two articulatory closures, producing a loud 'click' sound when the anterior closure is released. The release of the anterior closure is referred to as the click influx. The release of the posterior closure, which can be velar or uvular, is the click efflux.

  8. Atrial septal defect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_septal_defect

    Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital heart defect in which blood flows between the atria (upper chambers) of the heart.Some flow is a normal condition both pre-birth and immediately post-birth via the foramen ovale; however, when this does not naturally close after birth it is referred to as a patent (open) foramen ovale (PFO).

  9. Glottalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glottalization

    Glottalization of vowels and other sonorants is most often realized as creaky voice (partial closure). Glottalization of obstruent consonants usually involves complete closure of the glottis; another way to describe this phenomenon is to say that a glottal stop is made simultaneously with another consonant. In certain cases, the glottal stop ...