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In cognitive psychology, a mindset is the cognitive process activated in a task. [8] In addition to the field of cognitive psychology, the study of mindset is evident in the social sciences and other fields (such as positive psychology). Characteristic of this area of study is its fragmentation among academic disciplines. [8] [6]
In psychology, the term mental models is sometimes used to refer to mental representations or mental simulation generally. The concepts of schema and conceptual models are cognitively adjacent. Elsewhere, it is used to refer to the "mental model" theory of reasoning developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M. J. Byrne .
Island mentality is the notion of isolated communities perceiving themselves as exceptional or superior to the rest of the world. This term does not directly refer to an island or other geographically confined society, but to the cultural, moral, or ideological superiority of a community or a person that lacks social exposure to the outside world.
The negative criticisms largely address the issue of negative uses of cognitive surplus. [citation needed] For example, Shirky discusses lolcats in the book, but this is a pretty innocuous example of negative or trite uses of cognitive surplus, especially considering the reality of cyber crimes, and other
Scarcity plays a key role in economic theory, and it is essential for a "proper definition of economics itself". [3] "The best example is perhaps Walras' definition of social wealth, i.e., economic goods. [3] 'By social wealth', says Walras, 'I mean all things, material or immaterial (it does not matter which in this context), that are scarce ...
For example diamonds are more valuable than rocks because diamonds are not as abundant. [2] These perceptions of scarcity can lead to irregular consumer behavior, such as systemic errors or cognitive bias. [3] [4] There are two social psychology principles that work with scarcity that increase its powerful force. One is social proof. This is a ...
The federal government, by Health and Welfare’s own account, shares some of the blame for not increasing funding since 2015. ... the state of Idaho had a $100 million surplus at the end of ...
Mosaic of Alexander the Great on his campaign against the Persian Empire.. Currying favor with supporters was the other side of psychological warfare, and an early practitioner of this was Alexander the Great, who successfully conquered large parts of Europe and the Middle East and held on to his territorial gains by co-opting local elites into the Greek administration and culture.