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An illuminated manuscript is a formally prepared document where the text is decorated with flourishes such as borders and miniature illustrations.Often used in the Roman Catholic Church for prayers and liturgical books such as psalters and courtly literature, the practice continued into secular texts from the 13th century onward and typically include proclamations, enrolled bills, laws ...
The first manuscript written in this script is probably one of the works of Catullus from Poggio Bracciolini in Florence about 1400–1402 (Biblioteca Marciana, Lat.XII, 80). [1] At the same time, new initial decorations were created, also inspired by the Carolingian manuscripts, and known as the bianchi girari (white vines in
Some Italian and Byzantine manuscripts came to the island as a result, influencing the development of Insular illumination as well. [2] In turn, the major centres of production were concentrated first in Northumbria, then in southern England and Kent over the 7th and 8th centuries.
Some of the Byzantine illuminated manuscripts were created at the request of patrons and were used for both for private viewing and church services. Requesting the illuminating lectionary, Gospel Books , was a way for patrons to show their devotion to Christianity and religious institutions. [ 2 ]
There were many reasons for the creation of illuminated manuscripts, and these varied with each commission. However, the most common were either for teaching purposes or as shows of wealth. Because most common people were illiterate, they could only relate to stories of church doctrine through pictures rather than reading the words.
From the 14th century decorated borders round the edges of at least important pages were common in heavily illuminated books, including books of hours. At the beginning of the 15th century these were still usually based on foliage designs, and painted on a plain background, but by the second half of the century coloured or patterned backgrounds ...
Originally, all books were in manuscript form. In China, and later other parts of East Asia, woodblock printing was used for books from about the 7th century. The earliest dated example is the Diamond Sutra of 868. In the Islamic world and the West, all books were in manuscript until the introduction of movable type printing in about 1450.
The Harding Bible is a 12th-century illuminated Latin Bible created in Cîteaux Abbey during the abbacy of Stephen Harding, dated 1109.It belongs to a corpus of manuscripts illuminated in the Cîteaux scriptorium in the 12th century, most of which is now held in the public library of the city of Dijon (ms.12-15).