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In biological morphology and anatomy, a sulcus (pl.: sulci) is a furrow or fissure (Latin fissura, pl.: fissurae). It may be a groove, natural division, deep furrow, elongated cleft, or tear in the surface of a limb or an organ, most notably on the surface of the brain , but also in the lungs , certain muscles (including the heart ), as well as ...
In neuroanatomy, a sulcus (Latin: "furrow"; pl.: sulci) is a shallow depression or groove in the cerebral cortex.One or more sulci surround a gyrus (pl. gyri), a ridge on the surface of the cortex, creating the characteristic folded appearance of the brain in humans and most other mammals.
Specific terms are used to represent the gross anatomy of the brain: A gyrus is an outward folding of the brain, for example the precentral gyrus. A sulcus is an inward fold, or valley in the brain's surface - for example the central sulcus. Additional terms used to describe these may include:
This is due to the role of the central sulcus in separating the primary motor cortex and primary somatosensory cortex. [7] For example, differences along the central sulcus have been reported in musicians, particularly with regard to an omega formation along the center portion of the central sulcus, commonly referred to as the "hand knob". [12]
The calcarine sulcus is associated with the visual cortex. [5] It is where the primary visual cortex (V1) is concentrated. [2] [6] The central visual field is located in the posterior portion of the calcarine sulcus, and the peripheral visual field is located in the anterior portion.
It is also known as the medial occipitotemporal sulcus. [ 1 ] Behind, it lies below and lateral to the calcarine fissure , from which it is separated by the lingual gyrus ; in front, it is situated between the parahippocampal gyrus and the anterior part of the fusiform gyrus .
The cingulate sulcus is a sulcus (brain fold) on the cingulate cortex in the medial wall of the cerebral cortex. The frontal and parietal lobes are separated from the cingulate gyrus by the cingulate sulcus.
The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is located on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe, and consists of an oblique and a horizontal portion. The IPS contains a series of functionally distinct subregions that have been intensively investigated using both single cell neurophysiology in primates [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and human functional neuroimaging. [ 3 ]