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alkyne (unsaturated) vs alkane (saturated) arene (unsaturated) vs cycloalkane (saturated) For organic compounds containing heteroatoms (other than C and H), the list of unsaturated groups is long but some common types are: carbonyl, e.g. ketones, aldehydes, esters, carboxylic acids (unsaturated) vs alcohol or ether (saturated) nitrile ...
The formula for acyclic saturated hydrocarbons (i.e., alkanes) is C n H 2n+2. [1]: 623 The most general form of saturated hydrocarbons, (whether linear or branched species, and whether with or without one or more rings) is C n H 2n+2(1-r), where r is the number of rings. Those with exactly one ring are the cycloalkanes.
Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds (), or unsaturated, with double bonds or triple bonds ().If other elements (heteroatoms) are bound to the carbon chain, the most common being oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine, it is no longer a hydrocarbon, and therefore no longer an aliphatic compound.
Alkanes are found in animal products, although they are less important than unsaturated hydrocarbons. One example is the shark liver oil, which is approximately 14% pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane, C 19 H 40). They are important as pheromones, chemical messenger materials, on which insects depend for communication.
List of unsaturated fatty acids; Carboxylic acid. List of carboxylic acids; Dicarboxylic acid This page was last edited on 6 January ... List of saturated fatty acids.
Some are unsaturated and some are branched. They are widely used in industry. As with fatty acids, they are often referred to generically by the number of carbon atoms in the molecule, such as "a C 12 alcohol", that is an alcohol having 12 carbons, for example dodecanol .
In organic chemistry, the cycloalkanes (also called naphthenes, but distinct from naphthalene) are the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons. [1] In other words, a cycloalkane consists only of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a structure containing a single ring (possibly with side chains ), and all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single .
The aromatic hydrocarbons are unsaturated hydrocarbons that have one or more benzene rings. They tend to burn with a sooty flame, and many have a sweet aroma. Some are carcinogenic. These different components are separated by fractional distillation at an oil refinery to produce gasoline, jet fuel, kerosene, and other hydrocarbon fractions.