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Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) are mathematical questions defined as a set of objects whose state must satisfy a number of constraints or limitations. CSPs represent the entities in a problem as a homogeneous collection of finite constraints over variables , which is solved by constraint satisfaction methods.
Parsons' programming puzzles became known as Parsons puzzles [2] and then Parsons problems. [3] Parsons problems have become popular as they are easier to grade than written code while capturing the students problem solving ability shown in a code creation process.
The eight queens puzzle is the problem of placing eight chess queens on an 8×8 chessboard so that no two queens threaten each other; thus, a solution requires that no two queens share the same row, column, or diagonal. There are 92 solutions. The problem was first posed in the mid-19th century.
Other considered kinds of constraints are on real or rational numbers; solving problems on these constraints is done via variable elimination or the simplex algorithm. Constraint satisfaction as a general problem originated in the field of artificial intelligence in the 1970s (see for example (Laurière 1978)).
Classic combinatorial search problems include solving the eight queens puzzle or evaluating moves in games with a large game tree, such as reversi or chess. A study of computational complexity theory helps to motivate combinatorial search. Combinatorial search algorithms are typically concerned with problems that are NP-hard. Such problems are ...
A solution is guaranteed (as long as the puzzle is valid). Solving time is mostly unrelated to degree of difficulty. [dubious – discuss] The algorithm (and therefore the program code) is simpler than other algorithms, especially compared to strong algorithms that ensure a solution to the most difficult puzzles.
Some of the puzzles are well known classics, some are variations of known puzzles making them more algorithmic, and some are new. [4] They include: Puzzles involving chessboards, including the eight queens puzzle, knight's tours, and the mutilated chessboard problem [1] [3] [4] Balance puzzles [3] River crossing puzzles [3] [4] The Tower of ...
Robot in a wooden maze. A maze-solving algorithm is an automated method for solving a maze.The random mouse, wall follower, Pledge, and Trémaux's algorithms are designed to be used inside the maze by a traveler with no prior knowledge of the maze, whereas the dead-end filling and shortest path algorithms are designed to be used by a person or computer program that can see the whole maze at once.