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Brazilian Finance Minister Guido Mantega, who made headlines when he raised the alarm about a currency war in September 2010. Currency war, also known as competitive devaluations, is a condition in international affairs where countries seek to gain a trade advantage over other countries by causing the exchange rate of their currency to fall in relation to other currencies.
In the middle of October 2010, finance ministers gathered in Washington, D.C. for the 2010 annual IMF and World Bank meeting, which was dominated by talk of currency war.. Just prior to the IMF meeting, the Institute of International Finance had called for leading countries to agree on a currency pact to aid the rebalancing of the world economy and to avert the threat of competitive devaluati
In May 2011, a second sequel, Currency Wars 3: Financial High Frontier (Chinese: 货币战争3：金融高边疆), was published by Yuan-Liou Publishing (ISBN 978-9573267843). It discusses more specifically modern Chinese history, from Chiang Kai-shek to the depreciation trend of the U.S. dollar in the long term, seen from a currency war ...
The State Bank of Vietnam (SBV; Vietnamese: Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam) is the central bank of Vietnam. Organized as a ministry-level body under the Government of Vietnam, it is the sole issuer of the national currency, the Vietnamese đồng. [3] As of 2024 it holds over USD 100 million in foreign exchange reserves. [2]
Nguyễn Đình Chiểu was born in the southern province of Gia Định, the location of modern Saigon.He was of gentry parentage; his father was a native of Thừa Thiên–Huế, near Huế; but, during his service to the imperial government of Emperor Gia Long, he was posted south to serve under Lê Văn Duyệt, the governor of the south.
The Vietnamese cash (chữ Hán: 文 錢 văn tiền; chữ Nôm: 銅 錢 đồng tiền; French: sapèque), [a] [b] also called the sapek or sapèque, [c] is a cast round coin with a square hole that was an official currency of Vietnam from the Đinh dynasty in 970 until the Nguyễn dynasty in 1945, and remained in circulation in North Vietnam until 1948.
During the Vietnam War, soldiers and deserters from the United States Army maintained a thriving black market at Chợ Lớn, trading in various American and especially U.S. Army-issue items. This was the area, near the Quan Âm Pagoda where photojournalist Eddie Adams took his famous execution photograph. [ 8 ]
While growing stronger in Vietnam, the Việt Minh also expanded the war and lured the French to spread their force to remote areas such as Laos. In December 1953, French military commander General Henri Navarre set up a defensive complex at Ðiện Biên Phủ in the Mường Thanh Valley , disrupting Việt Minh supply lines passing through Laos.