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We, by the power of the eternal heaven, Khan of the great Ulus, Our command. The letter was a response to a 1245 letter, Cum non solum , from the pope to the Mongols. Güyük, who had little understanding of faraway Europe or the pope's significance in it, demanded the pope's submission and a visit from the rulers of the West to pay homage to ...
In a letter now called the Cum non solum, Pope Innocent expressed a desire for peace, and asked the Mongol ruler to become a Christian and to stop killing Christians. [21] However, the new Great Khan Güyük , who had been installed at Karakorum in 1246, replied only with a demand for the submission of the pope, and a visit from the rulers of ...
In June 1258, Pope Alexander IV called for another crusade to be preached in Germany, Bohemia and Moravia. [83] In June 1265, Clement IV, in response to a report he received from Béla IV, ordered the preaching of a new crusade against the Mongols in Austria, Bohemia, Brandenburg, Carinthia and Styria within the Holy Roman Empire. [84]
Innocent also expresses a desire for peace (possibly unaware that in the Mongol vocabulary, "peace" is a synonym for "subjection"). [2] This message was carried by the Franciscan John of Plano Carpini, [3] who successfully reached the Mongol capital of Karakorum, where he attended the election of the new Khan Güyük on August 24, 1246. [4]
Güyük Khan or Güyüg Khagan, [c] mononymously Güyüg [d] (c. 19 March 1206 – 20 April 1248), was the third Khagan of the Mongol Empire, the eldest son of Ögedei Khan and a grandson of Genghis Khan. He reigned from 1246 to 1248.
The Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II reclaimed the city for Christians in the Sixth Crusade of 1229, without Templar aid, but only held it for a little more than a decade. In 1244, the Ayyubid dynasty together with Khwarezmi mercenaries recaptured Jerusalem, and the city did not return to Western control until 1917 when, during World War I , the ...
The great Khan, Güyük, refused the invitation to become Christian and demanded rather that the Pope and rulers of Europe should come to him and swear allegiance to him, a demand recorded in a letter from Güyük Khan to Pope Innocent IV. The Khan did not dismiss the expedition until November. He gave them a letter to the Pope written in ...
Mongol Empire: Kingdom of Poland Margraviate of Moravia Knights Templar Holy Roman Empire: Commanders and leaders; Baidar Kadan Orda Khan Subutai: Henry II the Pious † Mieszko II the Fat Włodzimierz † Sulisław † Pakosław † Boleslaus Děpolt † [a] Klement of Brzeźnica † Klement of Ruszcza Szczepan of Wierzbna † Strength ~10,000 ...