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Altai hunter-gatherer is the name given to Middle Holocene Siberian hunter-gatherers within the Altai-Sayan region in Southern Siberia. They originated from the admixture of Paleo-Siberian and Ancient North Eurasian groups and show increased affinity towards Native Americans.
Death mask from a grave of the Tashtyk culture (1st-5th century AD, Minusinsk Hollow). The Prehistory of Siberia is marked by several archaeologically distinct cultures. In the Chalcolithic, the cultures of western and southern Siberia were pastoralists, while the eastern taiga and the tundra were dominated by hunter-gatherers until the Late Middle Ages and even beyond.
In archaeogenetics, the term Ancient Paleo-Siberian is the name given to an ancestral component that represents the lineage of the hunter-gatherer people of the 15th-10th millennia before present, in northern and northeastern Siberia.
In archaeogenetics, the term Ancient Northeast Asian (ANA), [2] [3] also known as Amur ancestry, [4] is the name given to an ancestral component that represents the lineage of the hunter-gatherer people of the 7th-4th millennia before present, in far eastern Siberia, Mongolia and the Baikal regions.
Although pottery was traditionally associated with Neolithic agrarians, Western Siberian and East Asian Stone Age sites have increasingly yielded examples of hunter-gatherer pottery. [11] Various lithics have been found, including arrowheads. These were mainly fashioned from quartz, although some were made of flint or slate. [15]
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The Baikal Archaeology Project (BAP) is an international team of scholars investigating Middle Holocene (about 9000 to 3000 years before present) hunter-gatherers of the Lake Baikal region of Siberia, Russia. The Project focuses on long-term patterns of culture change in the context of dynamic interactions with the environment.
Western Siberian hunter-gatherers were characterized by high Ancient North Eurasian ancestry and lower amounts of Eastern Siberian admixture. Genetic data on Volga Tatars or Chuvash , found among " Western Turkic speakers, like Chuvash and Volga Tatar, the East Asian component was detected only in low amounts (~ 5%) ".