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Dexamethasone is a fluorinated glucocorticoid medication [10] used to treat rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), croup, brain swelling, eye pain following eye surgery, superior vena cava syndrome (a complication of some forms of cancer), [11] and along with antibiotics in tuberculosis. [10]
Long-acting glucocorticoids: Betamethasone 0.6 25–40 0 36–72 [25] [26] [27] Dexamethasone 0.75 30 0 36–72 [25] [26] Mineralocorticoids: Fludrocortisone 2 10 250 18–36 [25] [26] Desoxycorticosterone acetate 0 20 1 Activity is relative to hydrocortisone
In the high-dose 48-h DST, 2 mg of dexamethasone is given every 6 hours for 48 hours or a single dose of 8 mg is given. [8] This test is not needed if the 48-h low-dose DST has shown suppression of cortisol by over 30%. [8] These tests are based on the glucocorticoid sensitivity of pituitary adenomas compared to non-pituitary tumors. [8]
The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) is used to assess adrenal gland function by measuring how cortisol levels change in response to oral doses or an injection of dexamethasone. [1] It is typically used to diagnose Cushing's syndrome .
The usefulness of corticosteroids (e.g., prednisolone or dexamethasone) in the treatment of TB is proven for TB meningitis and TB pericarditis. The dose for TB meningitis is dexamethasone 8 to 12 mg daily tapered off over six weeks (for those who prefer more precise dosing should refer to Thwaites et al., 2004 [34]). The dose for pericarditis ...
In pharmacologic (supraphysiologic) doses, glucocorticoids, such as prednisone, dexamethasone, and hydrocortisone are used to suppress various allergic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. They are also administered as posttransplantory immunosuppressants to prevent the acute transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease .
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The term "steroid dementia" was coined by Varney et al. (1984) in reference to the effects of long-term glucocorticoid use in 1,500 patients. [3] While the condition generally falls under the classification of Cushing's syndrome , the term "steroid dementia syndrome" is particularly useful because it recognizes both the cause of the syndrome ...