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Dexamethasone is a fluorinated glucocorticoid medication [10] used to treat rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), croup, brain swelling, eye pain following eye surgery, superior vena cava syndrome (a complication of some forms of cancer), [11] and along with antibiotics in tuberculosis. [10]
Premedication before chemotherapy for cancer often consists of drug regimens (usually 2 or more drugs, e.g. dexamethasone, diphenhydramine and omeprazole) given to a patient minutes to hours before the chemotherapy to avert side effects or hypersensitivity reactions (i.e. allergic reactions). [citation needed]
Long-acting glucocorticoids: Betamethasone 0.6 25–40 0 36–72 [25] [26] [27] Dexamethasone 0.75 30 0 36–72 [25] [26] Mineralocorticoids: Fludrocortisone 2 10 250 18–36 [25] [26] Desoxycorticosterone acetate 0 20 1 Activity is relative to hydrocortisone
Dexamethasone should also be administered, [16] although it fails to ameliorate some symptoms that can be cured by descending to a lower altitude. [9] It can also mask symptoms, and they sometimes resume upon discontinuation. [20] Dexamethasone's prevention of angiogenesis may explain why it treats HACE well. [17]
Dexamethasone and its derivatives are almost pure glucocorticoids, ... steroid psychosis, [20] and anxiety, [21 ... and long term therapy can cause muscle ...
Ciprodex ear drops containing ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone [20] Ciproxin HC ear drops containing ciprofloxacin and hydrocortisone; Kenacomb ear drops, containing triamcinolone acetonide, neomycin and gramicidin (antibiotics) and nystatin [21] Sofradex ear drops containing neomycin and gramicidin (antibiotics) plus dexamethasone (a steroid) [22]
There is robust evidence that a single course of antenatal corticosteroids (i.e., 24 mg of betamethasone or dexamethasone), when there is a risk of preterm birth (at less than 34 weeks of gestation), reduces the risk of child death, regardless of resource level. [1] [6]
Dexamethasone is an exogenous steroid that provides negative feedback to the pituitary gland to suppress the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Specifically, dexamethasone binds to glucocorticoid receptors in the anterior pituitary gland, which lie outside the blood–brain barrier , resulting in regulatory modulation.