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Additionally, vector processors can be more resource-efficient by using slower hardware and saving power, but still achieving throughput and having less latency than SIMD, through vector chaining. [10] [11] Consider both a SIMD processor and a vector processor working on 4 64-bit elements, doing a LOAD, ADD, MULTIPLY and STORE sequence.
A scalar processor is classified as a single instruction, single data processor in Flynn's taxonomy.The Intel 486 is an example of a scalar processor. It is to be contrasted with a vector processor where a single instruction operates simultaneously on multiple data items (and thus is referred to as a single instruction, multiple data processor). [2]
The simplest processors are scalar processors. Each instruction executed by a scalar processor typically manipulates one or two data items at a time. By contrast, each instruction executed by a vector processor operates simultaneously on many data items. An analogy is the difference between scalar and vector arithmetic. A superscalar processor ...
Here, c[i:i+3] represents the four array elements from c[i] to c[i+3] and the vector processor can perform four operations for a single vector instruction. Since the four vector operations complete in roughly the same time as one scalar instruction, the vector approach can run up to four times faster than the original code.
Vector processors, some SIMD ISAs (such as AVX2 and AVX-512) and GPUs in general make heavy use of predication, applying one bit of a conditional mask vector to the corresponding elements in the vector registers being processed, whereas scalar predication in scalar instruction sets only need the one predicate bit.
Processors implement a set of these categories as required for their task. Different classes of processors are required to implement certain categories, for example a server-class processor includes the categories: Base, Server, Floating-Point, 64-Bit, etc. All processors implement the Base category. Power ISA is a RISC load/store architecture.
Each SX-6 single-node system contains up to eight vector processors, which share up to 64 GB of computer memory. The SX-6 processor is a single chip implementation containing a vector processor unit and a scalar processor fabricated in a 0.15 μm CMOS process with copper interconnects , whereas the SX-5 was a multi-chip implementation.
SPARC (Scalable Processor ARChitecture) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture originally developed by Sun Microsystems. [1] [2] Its design was strongly influenced by the experimental Berkeley RISC system developed in the early 1980s.