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The Advisory Committee on X-Ray and Radium Protection was established in 1929. [1] Initially, the organization was an informal collective of scientists seeking to proffer accurate information and appropriate recommendations for radiation protection.
Recognized effects of higher acute radiation doses are described in more detail in the article on radiation poisoning.Although the International System of Units (SI) defines the sievert (Sv) as the unit of radiation dose equivalent, chronic radiation levels and standards are still often given in units of millirems (mrem), where 1 mrem equals 1/1,000 of a rem and 1 rem equals 0.01 Sv.
Pregnant women are at higher risk of health issues from cadmium due to increased absorption of the metal during pregnancy. [17] Cadmium can also pose health risks to the fetus, some of which may be lifelong, as it interferes with placental function and fetal development. [18]
Radiation exposure can be managed by a combination of these factors: Time: Reducing the time of an exposure reduces the effective dose proportionally. An example of reducing radiation doses by reducing the time of exposures might be improving operator training to reduce the time they take to handle a radioactive source.
A year after Röntgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895, the American engineer Wolfram Fuchs gave what was probably the first radiation protection advice, but many early users of X-rays were initially unaware of the hazards and protection was rudimentary or non-existent. [11] The dangers of radioactivity and radiation were not immediately recognized.
Radiation is a moving form of energy, classified into ionizing and non-ionizing type. [4] Ionizing radiation is further categorized into electromagnetic radiation (without matter) and particulate radiation (with matter). [4] Electromagnetic radiation consists of photons, which can be thought of as energy packets, traveling in the form of a wave ...
Electromagnetic radiation from the corona, seen as light during an eclipse, is perfectly safe, but there is another form of radiation that travels to Earth from the sun—neutrinos.
Maternal PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy is also associated with high blood pressure in children. [218] Inhalation of PM 2.5 – PM 10 is associated with elevated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as low birth weight. [219] Exposure to PM 2.5 has been associated with greater reductions in birth weight than exposure to PM 10. [220]