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  2. Conservation status - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_status

    The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature is the best known worldwide conservation status listing and ranking system. . Species are classified by the IUCN Red List into nine groups set through criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmenta

  3. Speleology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speleology

    Cave environments fall into three general categories: Endogean; the parts of caves that are in communication with surface soils through cracks and rock seams, groundwater seepage, and root protrusion. Parahypogean; the threshold regions near cave mouths that extend to the last penetration of sunlight. Hypogean; or "true" cave environments.

  4. Taxonomic rank - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomic_rank

    The traditional classification of primates (class Mammalia, subclass Theria, infraclass Eutheria, order Primates) has been modified by new classifications such as McKenna and Bell (class Mammalia, subclass Theriformes, infraclass Holotheria) with Theria and Eutheria assigned lower ranks between infraclass and the order Primates.

  5. Subterranean fauna - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subterranean_fauna

    Caves that are close to the surface, such as lava tubes, often have tree roots hanging from the cave roof, which provide nutrients for sap-feeding insects. [1] [2] Other important food sources in underground habitats are animals being decomposed and bat guano, [3] [4] [5] that creates large invertebrate communities in such caves. [6] [7]

  6. Biospeleology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biospeleology

    The first documented mention of a cave organism dates back to 1689, with the documentation of the olm, a cave salamander.Discovered in a cave in Slovenia, in the region of Carniola, it was mistaken for a baby dragon and was recorded by Johann Weikhard von Valvasor in his work The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola.

  7. Ecological classification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_classification

    Ecological classification or ecological typology is the classification of land or water into geographical units that represent variation in one or more ecological features. Traditional approaches focus on geology , topography , biogeography , soils , vegetation , climate conditions, living species, habitats , water resources, and sometimes also ...

  8. Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeoclimatic_ecosystem...

    The Site Series are coded with a number (e.g., 101, 102, etc.) The framework [1] [2] integrates vegetation classification with two other component hierarchical classifications: climate (or zonal) and site (Figure 2) where the vegetation classification hierarchy is used to develop the other two component hierarchies. Figure 2.

  9. Linnaean taxonomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy

    However, in 1737 he published Genera Plantarum in which he claimed that his classification of genera was a natural system. [3] His botanical classification and sexual system were used well into the nineteenth century. [4] Within each class were several orders. This system is based on the number and arrangement of male and female organs. [5]