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Immunodeficiency with hyperimmunoglobulin M is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent infections, low or absent IgG, IgE, and IgA levels, and normal or elevated levels of IgM and IgD. [ 2 ] : 84
Different genetic defects cause HIgM syndrome, the vast majority are inherited as an X-linked recessive genetic trait and most with the condition are male. [ 7 ] [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 12 ] [ 4 ] IgM is the form of antibody that all B cells produce initially before they undergo class switching .
All forms of hyper-IgM syndrome are rare. According to the US X-HIGM registry, the prevalence of X-linked hyper IgM syndrome (X-HIGM) during the period from 1984 to 1993 was approximately 1 in 1,000,000 live births. The estimated frequency of CD40L deficiency, a subtype of X-HIGM, is 2 in 1,000,000 in males.
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the largest of several isotypes of antibodies (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates. IgM is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen ; [ 1 ] [ 2 ] causing it to also be called an acute phase antibody.
IgM nephropathy or immunoglobulin M nephropathy (IgMN) is a kind of idiopathic glomerulonephritis that is marked by IgM diffuse deposits in the glomerular mesangium. [1] IgM nephropathy was initially documented in 1978 by two separate teams of researchers.
Cold agglutinins are antibodies, typically immunoglobulin M (), that are acquainted with and then binding the antigens on red blood cells, typically antigens "I" or "i" on the RBC surface, [1] in the environment in which the temperatures are lower than normal core body temperature and, thus, ends up leading to agglutinations of the red blood cells and hemolysis reaction occurring outside the ...
Different genetic defects cause HIgM syndrome, the vast majority are inherited as an X-linked recessive genetic trait and most with the condition are male. [ 7 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 12 ] [ 5 ] IgM is the form of antibody that all B cells produce initially before they undergo class switching .
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an inborn immune disorder characterized by recurrent infections and low antibody levels, specifically in immunoglobulin (Ig) types IgG, IgM, and IgA. [2] Symptoms generally include high susceptibility to pathogens, chronic lung disease , as well as inflammation and infection of the gastrointestinal tract.