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  2. History of the United States public debt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United...

    The history of the United States public debt began with federal government debt incurred during the American Revolutionary War by the first U.S treasurer, Michael Hillegas, after the country's formation in 1776. The United States has continuously experienced fluctuating public debt, except for about a year during 1835–1836.

  3. National debt of the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_debt_of_the...

    The federal debt at the end of the 2018/19 fiscal year (ended September 30, 2019) was $22.7 trillion (~$27.1 trillion in 2023). The portion that is held by the public was $16.8 trillion. Neither figure includes approximately $2.5 trillion owed to the government. [83] Interest on the debt was $404 billion.

  4. Analytical psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_psychology

    Analytical psychology (German: Analytische Psychologie, sometimes translated as analytic psychology and referred to as Jungian analysis) is a term coined by Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist, to describe research into his new "empirical science" of the psyche. It was designed to distinguish it from Freud's psychoanalytic theories as their seven ...

  5. Government debt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_debt

    Government debt is typically measured as the gross debt of the general government sector that is in the form of liabilities that are debt instruments. [2]: 207 A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and ...

  6. Public finance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_finance

    e. Public finance is the study of the role of the government in the economy. [ 1 ] It is the branch of economics that assesses the government revenue and government expenditure of the public authorities and the adjustment of one or the other to achieve desirable effects and avoid undesirable ones. [ 2 ]

  7. First Report on the Public Credit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Report_on_the_Public...

    The First Report on the Public Credit was one of four major reports on fiscal and economic policy submitted by Founding Father and first US Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton on the request of Congress. [ 1 ] The report analyzed the financial standing of the United States and made recommendations to reorganize the national debt and to ...

  8. Debt Sustainability Analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt_Sustainability_Analysis

    Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) or Debt Sustainability Model (DSM) [1] is an analysis of a nation's capacity done by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group [2] that helps determine whether the nation can service its ensuing debt and fiscal policy objectives without making excessively large adjustments that could potentially compromise its stability. [3]

  9. Austerity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austerity

    In economic policy, austerity is a set of political-economic policies that aim to reduce government budget deficits through spending cuts, tax increases, or a combination of both. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] There are three primary types of austerity measures: higher taxes to fund spending, raising taxes while cutting spending, and lower taxes and lower ...