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Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom [3]) and formerly mental retardation (in the United States [4]), [5][6] is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning that is first apparent during childhood.
23 (2019) [1] Jordan's syndrome (JS) or PPP2R5D-related intellectual disability is a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder caused by de novo mutations in the PPP2R5D gene. [2] It is characterized by hypotonia, intellectual disability, and macrocephaly. [3] Children with JS may also have epilepsy or meet criteria for diagnosis with ...
Of those with intellectual disability in the United States who attended high school about 40% graduated. [137] Many learn to read and write and some are able to do paid work. [23] In adulthood about 20% in the United States do paid work in some capacity. [24] [138] In Sweden, however, less than 1% have regular jobs. [136]
ADNP syndrome, also known as Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome (HVDAS), is a non-inherited neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the activity-dependent neuroprotector homeobox (ADNP) gene. [1][2] The hallmark features of the syndrome are intellectual disability, global developmental delays, global motor planning delays, and autism ...
Williams syndrome (WS), also Williams–Beuren syndrome (WBS), is a genetic disorder that affects many parts of the body. [2] Facial features frequently include a broad forehead, underdeveloped chin, short nose, and full cheeks. [2] Mild to moderate intellectual disability is observed in people with WS, with particular challenges with visual ...
Lead poisoning, also known as plumbism and saturnism, is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body. [2] Symptoms may include abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, irritability, memory problems, infertility, and tingling in the hands and feet. [1] It causes almost 10% of intellectual disability of otherwise unknown cause and can ...
Disability is the experience of any condition that makes it more difficult for a person to do certain activities or have equitable access within a given society. [1] Disabilities may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, or a combination of multiple factors. Disabilities can be present from birth or can be ...
Intellectual disability. Intellectual disability, also known as general learning disability, [2] and previously known as mental retardation (a term now considered offensive), [3][4] is a generalized disorder characterized by significantly impaired cognitive functioning and deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors that appears before adulthood.