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The toxic dose of paracetamol is highly variable. In general the recommended maximum daily dose for healthy adults is 4 grams. [17] [18] Higher doses lead to increasing risk of toxicity. In adults, single doses above 10 grams or 200 mg/kg of bodyweight, whichever is lower, have a reasonable likelihood of causing toxicity.
Paracetamol's bioavailability is dose-dependent: it increases from 63% for 500 mg dose to 89% for 1000 mg dose. [6] Its plasma terminal elimination half-life is 1.9–2.5 hours, [ 6 ] and volume of distribution is roughly 50 L. [ 134 ] Protein binding is negligible, except under the conditions of overdose, when it may reach 15–21%. [ 6 ]
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen or APAP, is a medication used to treat pain and fever. [6] It is typically used for mild to moderate pain. [6] In combination with opioid pain medication, paracetamol is now used for more severe pain such as cancer pain and after surgery. [7]
The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug. It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect. [1] The related terms therapeutic window or safety window refer to a range of doses ...
Doxylamine and other first-generation antihistamines are the most widely used sleep medications in the world. [6] Typical side effects of doxylamine (at recommended doses) include dizziness, drowsiness, grogginess, and dry mouth, among others. [7][4] As an antihistamine, doxylamine is an inverse agonist of the histamine H 1 receptor.
Timeline of US drug overdose death rates by race and ethnicity. [4] Rate per 100,000 population. The word "overdose" implies that there is a common safe dosage and usage for the drug; therefore, the term is commonly applied only to drugs, not poisons, even though many poisons as well are harmless at a low enough dosage.
Chlorzoxazone (INN) is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used to treat muscle spasm and the resulting pain or discomfort. It can also be administered for acute pain in general and for tension headache (muscle contraction headache). It acts on the spinal cord by depressing reflexes. It is sold under the brand names Lorzone, Paraflex and Muscol ...
The role for these products is between just the use of simple analgesics (paracetamol or ibuprofen) and the triptan class of drugs; although the latter are not options during pregnancy. [7] In the elderly although triptans are generally avoided, so too are antiemetics such as metoclopramide due to higher risks of side effects.