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Exterior angle theorem. The exterior angle theorem is Proposition 1.16 in Euclid's Elements, which states that the measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than either of the measures of the remote interior angles. This is a fundamental result in absolute geometry because its proof does not depend upon the parallel postulate.
Ceva's theorem is a theorem of affine geometry, in the sense that it may be stated and proved without using the concepts of angles, areas, and lengths (except for the ratio of the lengths of two line segments that are collinear). It is therefore true for triangles in any affine plane over any field. A slightly adapted converse is also true: If ...
Statement An area formula for spherical triangles analogous to the formula for planar triangles. Given a fixed base , an arc of a great circle on a sphere, and two apex points and on the same side of great circle , Lexell's theorem holds that the surface area of the spherical triangle is equal to that of if and only if lies on the small-circle arc , where and are the points antipodal to and ...
Ptolemy's theorem is a relation among these lengths in a cyclic quadrilateral. In Euclidean geometry, Ptolemy's theorem is a relation between the four sides and two diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral (a quadrilateral whose vertices lie on a common circle). The theorem is named after the Greek astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy (Claudius ...
In geometry, the angle bisector theorem is concerned with the relative lengths of the two segments that a triangle 's side is divided into by a line that bisects the opposite angle. It equates their relative lengths to the relative lengths of the other two sides of the triangle. Note that this theorem is not to be confused with the Inscribed ...
One proof observes that triangle ABC has the same angles as triangle CAD, but in opposite order. (The two triangles share the angle at vertex A, both contain the angle θ, and so also have the same third angle by the triangle postulate.) Consequently, ABC is similar to the reflection of CAD, the triangle DAC in the lower panel. Taking the ratio ...