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[1] [2] Thomas visualized the human body shape as an egg or ellipse rather than as a cylinder envisioned in the concept of the BMI. [1] [2] The degree of circularity of an ellipse is quantified by eccentricity, with values between 0 to 1, where 0 is a perfect circle and 1 is a vertical line. [1]
Excel maintains 15 figures in its numbers, but they are not always accurate; mathematically, the bottom line should be the same as the top line, in 'fp-math' the step '1 + 1/9000' leads to a rounding up as the first bit of the 14 bit tail '10111000110010' of the mantissa falling off the table when adding 1 is a '1', this up-rounding is not undone when subtracting the 1 again, since there is no ...
The initial conditions exist at point 1. Point 2 exists at the nozzle throat, where M = 1. Point 3 labels the transition from isentropic to Fanno flow. Points 4 and 5 give the pre- and post-shock wave conditions, and point E is the exit from the duct. Figure 4 The H-S diagram is depicted for the conditions of Figure 3. Entropy is constant for ...
Standard step method. The standard step method (STM) is a computational technique utilized to estimate one-dimensional surface water profiles in open channels with gradually varied flow under steady state conditions. It uses a combination of the energy, momentum, and continuity equations to determine water depth with a given a friction slope ...
The condition number is derived from the theory of propagation of uncertainty, and is formally defined as the value of the asymptotic worst-case relative change in output for a relative change in input. The "function" is the solution of a problem and the "arguments" are the data in the problem. The condition number is frequently applied to ...
The multivariate normal distribution is said to be "non-degenerate" when the symmetric covariance matrix is positive definite. In this case the distribution has density [5] where is a real k -dimensional column vector and is the determinant of , also known as the generalized variance.
considered as a function of , is the likelihood function, given the outcome of the random variable . Sometimes the probability of "the value of for the parameter value " is written as P(X = x | θ) or P(X = x; θ). The likelihood is the probability that a particular outcome is observed when the true value of the parameter is , equivalent to the ...
The scaled sum of a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with finite positive variance converges in distribution to the normal distribution. In probability theory, the central limit theorem (CLT) states that, under appropriate conditions, the distribution of a normalized version of the sample mean converges to a standard normal distribution.