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Paracetamol poisoning was first described in the 1960s. [6] Rates of poisoning vary significantly between regions of the world. [8] In the United States more than 100,000 cases occur a year. [1] In the United Kingdom it is the medication responsible for the greatest number of overdoses. [7] Young children are most commonly affected. [1]
Paracetamol's bioavailability is dose-dependent: it increases from 63% for 500 mg dose to 89% for 1000 mg dose. [6] Its plasma terminal elimination half-life is 1.9–2.5 hours, [ 6 ] and volume of distribution is roughly 50 L. [ 134 ] Protein binding is negligible, except under the conditions of overdose, when it may reach 15–21%. [ 6 ]
Appearance. An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [ 1 ] Tables of this general type are also available for NSAIDs ...
The Broselow Tape, also called the Broselow pediatric emergency tape, is a color-coded length-based tape measure that is used throughout the world for pediatric emergencies. The Broselow Tape relates a child's height as measured by the tape to their weight to provide medical instructions including medication dosages, the size of the equipment ...
The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug. It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect. [1] The related terms therapeutic window or safety window refer to a range of doses ...
Antipyretic. An antipyretic (/ ˌæntipaɪˈrɛtɪk /, from anti- 'against' and pyretic 'feverish') is a substance that reduces fever. [1] Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin -induced increase in temperature. [citation needed] The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever.
The minimum dosage at which paracetamol causes toxicity usually is 7.5 to 10g in the average person. [2] The lethal dose is usually between 10 g and 15 g. [citation needed] Concurrent alcohol intake lowers these thresholds significantly. Chronic alcoholics may be more susceptible to adverse effects due to reduced glutathione levels. [3]
The WHO guidelines recommend prompt oral administration of drugs ("by the mouth") when pain occurs, starting, if the patient is not in severe pain, with non-opioid drugs such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) or aspirin, [1] with or without "adjuvants" such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including COX-2 inhibitors.