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Deflection (f) in engineering. In structural engineering, deflection is the degree to which a part of a long structural element (such as beam) is deformed laterally (in the direction transverse to its longitudinal axis) under a load. It may be quantified in terms of an angle (angular displacement) or a distance (linear displacement).
Eurocode 4 is divided in two parts EN 1994-1 and EN 1994-2. Eurocode 4 is intended to be used in conjunction with: EN 1990: Eurocode - Basis of structural design; EN 1991: Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures; ENs, hENs, ETAGs and ETAs for construction products relevant for composite structures;
Logo of Eurocode 2 An example of a concrete structure. In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures (abbreviated EN 1992 or, informally, EC 2) specifies technical rules for the design of concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures, using the limit state design philosophy.
Serviceability limit state design of structures includes factors such as durability, overall stability, fire resistance, deflection, cracking and excessive vibration. For example, a skyscraper could sway severely and cause the occupants to be sick (much like sea-sickness ), yet be perfectly sound structurally.
EN Eurocode 5 is intended to be used in conjunction with: EN 1990: Eurocode - Basis of structural design; EN 1991: Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures; hENs, ETAGs and ETAs: for construction products relevant to timber structures; EN 1998: Eurocode 8 - Design of structures for earthquake resistance, when timber structures are built in seismic ...
The total Finnish income tax includes the income tax dependable on the net salary, employee unemployment payment, and employer unemployment payment. [18] [19] The tax rate increases very progressively rapidly at 13 ke/year (from 25% to 48%) and at 29 ke/year to 55% and eventually reaches 67% at 83 ke/year, while little decreases at 127 ke/year ...
Logo of Eurocode 3. In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures (abbreviated EN 1993 or, informally, EC 3) describes how to design steel structures, using the limit state design philosophy. It was approved by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) on 16 April 2004.
The Eurocodes are the ten European standards (EN; harmonised technical rules) specifying how structural design should be conducted within the European Union (EU). These were developed by the European Committee for Standardization upon the request of the European Commission .