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As Novalis put it, "The musical proportions seem to me to be particularly correct natural proportions." [3] Alternatively, it can be described as the tuning of the syntonic temperament [1] in which the generator is the ratio 3:2 (i.e., the untempered perfect fifth), which is ≈ 702 cents wide. The system dates back to Ancient Mesopotamia;. [4]
The extremes of the meantone systems encountered in historical practice are the Pythagorean tuning, where the whole tone corresponds to 9:8, i.e. (3:2) 2 / 2 , the mean of the major third (3:2) 4 / 4 , and the fifth (3:2) is not tempered; and the 1 ⁄ 3-comma meantone, where the fifth is tempered to the extent that three ...
In musical tuning theory, a Pythagorean interval is a musical interval with a frequency ratio equal to a power of two divided by a power of three, or vice versa. [1] For instance, the perfect fifth with ratio 3/2 (equivalent to 3 1 / 2 1) and the perfect fourth with ratio 4/3 (equivalent to 2 2 / 3 1) are Pythagorean intervals.
A proportion is a mathematical statement expressing equality of two ratios. [1] [2]: =: a and d are called extremes, b and c are called means. Proportion can be written as =, where ratios are expressed as fractions.
The base ratio is then multiplied by a negative or positive power of 2, as large as needed to bring it within the range of the octave starting from C (from 1:1 to 2:1). For instance, the base ratio for the lower left cell ( 1 / 45 ) is multiplied by 2 6, and the resulting ratio is 64:45, which is a number between 1:1 and 2:1.
The intervals of 5-limit just intonation (prime limit, not odd limit) are ratios involving only the powers of 2, 3, and 5. The fundamental intervals are the superparticular ratios 2/1 (the octave), 3/2 (the perfect fifth) and 5/4 (the major third). That is, the notes of the major triad are in the ratio 1:5/4:3/2 or 4:5:6.
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In this system the perfect fifth is flattened by one quarter of a syntonic comma ( 81 : 80 ), with respect to its just intonation used in Pythagorean tuning (frequency ratio 3 : 2 ); the result is 3 / 2 × [ 80 / 81 ] 1 / 4 = 4 √ 5 ≈ 1.49535, or a fifth of 696.578 cents. (The 12th power of that value is 125, whereas 7 octaves ...