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Defendant (orally, Plaintiff and Defendant). The party against whom the complaint is made is the defendant; or, in the case of a petition, a respondent. Subsequent references to a case may use only one of the names, typically that of the first nongovernmental party. [6] Criminal cases are usually brought by the prosecution, not a plaintiff.
Courts use various terms to identify the role of a particular party in civil litigation, usually identifying the party that brings a lawsuit as the plaintiff, or, in older American cases, the party of the first part; and the party against whom the case was brought as the defendant, or, in older American cases, the party of the second part.
In many situations, the real party in interest will be the parties themselves (i.e., plaintiff and defendant). Applications. In California law, ...
In civil cases, the plaintiff presents its case, the defendant presents its case, and the plaintiff may present a rebuttal. Therefore, once the plaintiff has presented its case, the defendant but not the plaintiff can move for JMOL. However, once the defendant has finished presenting its case, both the plaintiff and the defendant can move for JMOL.
The plaintiff in this example would then receive some amount of time to make a reply to this counterclaim. The defendant may also file a "third party complaint", which is the defendant's privilege to join another party or parties in the action with the belief that those parties may be liable for some or all of the plaintiff's claimed damages ...
A foreign state (i.e., country) is the plaintiff, and the defendants are citizens of one or more U.S. states; or; Under the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005, a class action can usually be brought in a federal court when there is just minimal diversity, such that any plaintiff is a citizen of a different state from any defendant. Class actions ...
A defendant may also file a cross-complaint against another defendant named by the plaintiff and may also file a third-party complaint bring other parties into a case by the process of impleader. A defendant may file a counter-claim to raise a cause of action to defend, reduce or set off the claim of the plaintiff.
In addition to defenses against prosecution and liability, a defendant may also raise a defense of justification – such as self-defense and defense of others or defense of property. In English law, one could raise the argument of a contramandatum, which was an argument that the plaintiff had no cause for complaint. [4]