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However, on others such as IRIX, Linux, and FreeBSD, an argument is supplied specifying the name of the process (or processes) to kill. For instance, to kill a process such as an instance of the XMMS music player invoked by xmms, the user would run the command killall xmms. This would kill all processes named xmms, and is equivalent to kill ...
In some APIs, PID 0 is also used as a special value that always refers to the calling thread, process, or process group. [3] [4] Process ID 1 is usually the init process primarily responsible for starting and shutting down the system. Originally, process ID 1 was not specifically reserved for init by any technical measures: it simply had this ...
killall is a command line utility available on Unix-like systems. There are two very different implementations. The implementation supplied with genuine UNIX System V (including Solaris) and Linux sysvinit tools kills all processes that the user is able to kill, potentially shutting down the system if run by root.
The init process is special: It does not get signals that it does not want to handle, and thus it can ignore SIGKILL. [14] An exception from this rule is while init is ptraced on Linux. [15] [16] An uninterruptibly sleeping process may not terminate (and free its resources) even when sent SIGKILL. This is one of the few cases in which a UNIX ...
kill, which sends signals processes by process ID instead of by pattern-matching against the name. renice, which changes the priority of a process. top and htop, which display a list of processes and their resource usage; htop can send signals to processes directly from this list. skill, a command-line utility to send signals or report process ...
To remove zombies from a system, the SIGCHLD signal can be sent to the parent manually, using the kill command. If the parent process still refuses to reap the zombie, and if it would be fine to terminate the parent process, the next step can be to remove the parent process. When a process loses its parent, init becomes its new parent.
The command displays the process identifiers (PIDs) of processes using the specified files or file systems. In the default display mode, each PID is followed by a letter denoting the type of access: c current directory. e executable being run. f open file. F open file for writing. r root directory. m mmap'ed file or shared library
Instead, the system simply redefines the "parent PID" field in the child process's data to be the process that is the "ancestor" of every other process in the system, whose PID generally has the value of 1 (one), and whose name is traditionally "init" (except in the Linux kernel 3.4 and above [more info below]).