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Coin of Pescennius Niger, a Roman usurper who claimed imperial power AD 193–194. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG. While the imperial government of the Roman Empire was rarely called into question during its five centuries in the west and fifteen centuries in the east, individual emperors often faced unending challenges in the form of usurpation and perpetual civil wars. [30]
There is evidence that after the middle years of the Empire there was a sudden and steep decline in mineral extraction. This was mirrored in other trades and industries. One of the most important Roman sources of information is the Naturalis Historia of Pliny the Elder.
The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Latin: Imperator Romanorum; German: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period [1] (Latin: Imperator Germanorum; German: Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire.
Emperor Faustin of the Empire of Haiti (1849–1859) Emperor Maximilian of the Second Mexican Empire (1864–1867) Emperor Sunjong and Gojong of the Korean Empire (1897–1910) The Hongxian Emperor of the Empire of China (1915–1916) The Datong Emperor of the Empire of Manchuria (1934–1945) Emperor Victor Emmanuel III of Ethiopia (1936–1941)
[101] [102] This was an attempt to abolish private feuds, between the many dukes and other people, and to tie the emperor's subordinates to a legal system of jurisdiction and public prosecution of criminal acts – a predecessor of the modern concept of rule of law. Another new concept of the time was the systematic founding of new cities by ...
The Holy Roman Empire was a claimed “successor state” to Charlemagne's Carolingian empire along with France and several other realms. The empire was a lot larger than modern day Germany and included the modern day countries Austria, the low countries, large parts of Eastern France, Northern Italy, Slovenia, parts of the northern Baltic, and Switzerland.
Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany (complete list, complete list) – Louis the Child, King (899–911) Conrad I, King (911–918) Henry I, King (919–936) Otto I, King (936–973), Holy Roman Emperor (962–973) Otto II, King (961–983), Holy Roman Emperor (967–983) Otto III, King (983–1002), Holy Roman Emperor (996–1002)
The following is a list of imperial elections in the Holy Roman Empire. Entries in italics are for elections where the claim of the man elected to be King of the Romans was disputed. Election