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On November 26, 1956, Defense Secretary Charles E. Wilson issued a memorandum stripping the Army of offensive missiles with a range of 200 miles (320 km) or greater, and turning their Jupiter missiles over to the Air Force. [5] From that point on, the Air Force would be the primary missile developer, especially for dual-use missiles that could ...
A cold hydrogen-rich gas giant more massive than Jupiter but less than about 500 M E (1.6 M J) will only be slightly larger in volume than Jupiter. [9] For masses above 500 M E, gravity will cause the planet to shrink (see degenerate matter). [9] Kelvin–Helmholtz heating can cause a gas giant to radiate more energy than it receives from its ...
[4] The atmosphere of Jupiter is classified into four layers, by increasing altitude: the troposphere, stratosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. Unlike the Earth's atmosphere, Jupiter's lacks a mesosphere. [15] Jupiter does not have a solid surface, and the lowest atmospheric layer, the troposphere, smoothly transitions into the planet's fluid ...
Get your telescope ready in September, when Saturn will take center stage in the sky and shine brighter than at any other point in the year. The planet will reach opposition on Sept. 21, around ...
Force is applied by ion engines fed with material mined from the asteroid itself. In the Revelation Space series by Alastair Reynolds, interstellar commerce depends upon "lighthugger" starships which can accelerate indefinitely at 1 g, with superseded antimatter powered constant acceleration drives. The effects of relativistic travel are an ...
The PGM-19 Jupiter was the first nuclear armed, medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) of the United States Air Force (USAF). It was a liquid-propellant rocket using RP-1 fuel and LOX oxidizer, with a single Rocketdyne LR79-NA (model S-3D) rocket engine producing 667 kilonewtons (150,000 lb f) of thrust.
With a few exceptions, the farther a planet or belt is from the Sun, the larger the distance between its orbit and the orbit of the next nearest object to the Sun. For example, Venus is approximately 0.33 AU farther out from the Sun than Mercury, whereas Saturn is 4.3 AU out from Jupiter, and Neptune lies 10.5 AU out from Uranus.
It became the basis for both the Jupiter and Saturn family of rockets. [54] Each of the United States armed services had its own ICBM development program. The Air Force began ICBM research in 1945 with the MX-774. [55] In 1950, von Braun began testing the Air Force PGM-11 Redstone rocket family at Cape Canaveral. [56]