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Frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) is a channel access method used in some multiple-access protocols. FDMA allows multiple users to send data through a single communication channel, such as a coaxial cable or microwave beam, by dividing the bandwidth of the channel into separate non-overlapping frequency sub-channels and allocating each sub-channel to a separate user.
Single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) is a frequency-division multiple access scheme. Originally known as Carrier Interferometry , it is also called linearly precoded OFDMA ( LP-OFDMA ). Like other multiple access schemes (TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, OFDMA), it deals with the assignment of multiple users to a shared communication resource.
NNTP—Network News Transfer Protocol; NOC—Network Operations Center; NOP—No OPeration; NOS—Network Operating System; NP—Nondeterministic Polynomial time; NPL—Netscape Public License; NPTL—Native POSIX Thread Library; NPU—Network Processing Unit; NS—Netscape; NSIS—Nullsoft Scriptable Install System; NSPR—Netscape Portable ...
The mobile transmits at the beginning of the time slot as received from the network. If the mobile is near the base station, the propagation delay is short and the initiation can succeed. If, however, the mobile phone is just less than 35 km from the base station, the delay will mean the mobile's transmission arrives at the end of the time slot.
Where frequency-division multiplexing is used as to allow multiple users to share a physical communications channel, it is called frequency-division multiple access (FDMA). [ 1 ] FDMA is the traditional way of separating radio signals from different transmitters.
In 1999 ITU approved five radio interfaces for IMT-2000 as a part of the ITU-R M.1457 Recommendation. [4] The five standards are: [5] IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread. also known as W-CDMA, used in UMTS, the successor to GSM; IMT-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier. also known as CDMA2000, the successor to 2G CDMA ; IMT-2000 CDMA TDD. also known as TD-SCDMA
An internetwork is the connection of multiple different types of computer networks to form a single computer network using higher-layer network protocols and connecting them together using routers. The Internet is the largest example of internetwork. It is a global system of interconnected governmental, academic, corporate, public, and private ...
Network architecture is the design of a computer network.It is a framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as communication protocols used.