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  2. Dark energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

    In standard cosmology, there are three components of the universe: matter, radiation, and dark energy. This matter is anything whose energy density scales with the inverse cube of the scale factor, i.e., ρ ∝ a −3, while radiation is anything whose energy density scales to the inverse fourth power of the scale factor (ρ ∝ a −4).

  3. Equation of state (cosmology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_of_state_(cosmology)

    The equation of state for ordinary non-relativistic 'matter' (e.g. cold dust) is =, which means that its energy density decreases as =, where is a volume.In an expanding universe, the total energy of non-relativistic matter remains constant, with its density decreasing as the volume increases.

  4. Friedmann equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedmann_equations

    Dark energy dominates the total energy (74%) while dark matter (22%) constitutes most of the mass. Of the remaining baryonic matter (4%), only one tenth is compact. In February 2015, the European-led research team behind the Planck cosmology probe released new data refining these values to 4.9% ordinary matter, 25.9% dark matter and 69.1% dark ...

  5. Dark fluid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_fluid

    In astronomy and cosmology, the dark fluid theory attempts to explain dark matter and dark energy in a single framework, as suggested by cosmologist Alexandre Arbey in 2005. [1] [2] The theory proposes that dark matter and dark energy are not separate physical phenomena, nor do they have separate origins, but that they are strongly linked together and can be considered as two facets of a ...

  6. Findings by dark energy researchers back Einstein's ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/findings-dark-energy...

    The universe's contents include ordinary matter - stars, planets, gas, dust and all the familiar stuff on Earth, including people and popcorn - as well as dark matter, which is invisible material ...

  7. Cosmological constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmological_constant

    Since the 1990s, studies have shown that, assuming the cosmological principle, around 68% of the mass–energy density of the universe can be attributed to dark energy. [6] [7] [8] The cosmological constant Λ is the simplest possible explanation for dark energy, and is used in the standard model of cosmology known as the ΛCDM model.

  8. This new cosmological map shines some light on dark energy

    www.aol.com/cosmological-map-shines-light-dark...

    One exciting possibility is that a previously unknown form of matter from the early universe might have left a trace on our history. This is known as “early dark energy,” thought to be present ...

  9. Scale factor (cosmology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_factor_(cosmology)

    In physical cosmology, the dark-energy-dominated era is proposed as the last of the three phases of the known universe, the other two being the radiation-dominated era and the matter-dominated era. The dark-energy-dominated era began after the matter-dominated era, i.e. when the Universe was about 9.8 billion years old. [13]