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Alpha-1 antitrypsin or α 1-antitrypsin (A1AT, α 1 AT, A1A, or AAT) is a protein belonging to the serpin superfamily. It is encoded in humans by the SERPINA1 gene . A protease inhibitor , it is also known as alpha 1 –proteinase inhibitor ( A1PI ) or alpha 1 -antiproteinase ( A1AP ) because it inhibits various proteases (not just trypsin ). [ 5 ]
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD or AATD) is a genetic disorder that may result in lung disease or liver disease. [1] Onset of lung problems is typically between 20 and 50 years of age. [ 1 ] This may result in shortness of breath , wheezing , or an increased risk of lung infections .
The diagnosis of protein losing enteropathy is made by excluding other causes of protein loss. Endoscopy can be used to localize the cause of the protein loss in the bowel. Different methods of quantifying protein loss in the bowel include faecal excretion of alpha 1-antitrypsin , a marker of protein losing enteropathy, as well as viral ...
About Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) and AAT Deficiency Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an autosomal disorder that results in disease of the lungs and liver, and afflicts roughly 10,000 patients ...
Elastase is inhibited by the acute-phase protein α 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), which binds almost irreversibly to the active site of elastase and trypsin. A1AT is normally secreted by the liver cells into the serum. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (A1AD) leads to uninhibited destruction of elastic fibre by elastase; the main result is emphysema.
PAS diastase stain is also used to identify alpha-1 antitrypsin globules in hepatocytes, which is a characteristic finding of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. [2] PAS diastase stain is also used in diagnosing Whipple’s disease , as the foamy macrophages that infiltrate the lamina propria of the small intestine in this disease possess PAS ...
The alpha-1 fraction does not disappear in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, however, because other proteins, including alpha-lipoprotein and orosomucoid, also migrate there. As a positive acute phase reactant, AAT is increased in acute inflammation. [citation needed] Bence Jones protein may bind to and retard the alpha-1 band. [citation needed]
In medicine, protease inhibitor is often used interchangeably with alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT, which is abbreviated PI for this reason). [3] A1AT is indeed the protease inhibitor most often involved in disease, namely in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
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