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Substrate mapping (or wafer mapping) is a process in which the performance of semiconductor devices on a substrate is represented by a map showing the performance as a colour-coded grid. The map is a convenient representation of the variation in performance across the substrate, since the distribution of those variations may be a clue as to ...
In electronics, a wafer (also called a slice or substrate) [1] is a thin slice of semiconductor, such as a crystalline silicon (c-Si, silicium), used for the fabrication of integrated circuits and, in photovoltaics, to manufacture solar cells. The wafer serves as the substrate for microelectronic devices built in and upon
Fan-out wafer-level packaging: Variation of WLCSP. Like a BGA package but with the interposer built directly atop the die and encapsulated alongside it. eWLB: Embedded wafer level ball grid array: Variation of WLCSP. MICRO SMD-Chip-size package (CSP) developed by National Semiconductor [21] COB: Chip on board: Bare die supplied without a package.
Wafer fabrication is a procedure composed of many repeated sequential processes to produce complete electrical or photonic circuits on semiconductor wafers in a semiconductor device fabrication process. Examples include production of radio frequency amplifiers, LEDs, optical computer components, and microprocessors for computers. Wafer ...
Typically, integrated circuits are produced in large batches on a single wafer of electronic-grade silicon (EGS) or other semiconductor (such as GaAs) through processes such as photolithography. The wafer is cut into many pieces, each containing one copy of the circuit. Each of these pieces is called a die.
A diagram of the semiconductor oxide transistors made by Frosch and Derick in 1957 [24]. In 1955, Carl Frosch and Lincoln Derick, working at Bell Telephone Laboratories, accidentally grew a layer of silicon dioxide over the silicon wafer, for which they observed surface passivation effects.
Wafer flats convention, based on Image:Wafer flats convention.PNG. Conventional meaning of flats in semiconductor wafers. Red denotes material that has been removed. Wafer orientation is the orientation of the crystallographic plane in which the crystal grew. Wafer type indicated the type of doping.
Silicon photonics 300 mm wafer. Silicon photonic devices can be made using existing semiconductor fabrication techniques, and because silicon is already used as the substrate for most integrated circuits, it is possible to create hybrid devices in which the optical and electronic components are integrated onto a single microchip. [6]