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In most terrestrial mammals, the scrotum (pl.: scrotums or scrota; possibly from Latin scortum, meaning "hide" or "skin") [1] [2] or scrotal sac is a part of the external male genitalia located at the base of the penis. It consists of a sac of skin containing the external spermatic fascia, testicles, epididymides, and vasa deferentia. The ...
Cryptorchidism, or "undescended testicles", is when the testicle does not descend into the scrotum of an infant boy. [30] Testicular enlargement is an unspecific sign of various testicular diseases, and can be defined as a testicular size of more than 5 cm × 3 cm (short axis). [42]
The epididymis (/ ɛ p ɪ ˈ d ɪ d ɪ m ɪ s /; pl.: epididymides / ɛ p ɪ d ɪ ˈ d ɪ m ə d iː z / or / ɛ p ɪ ˈ d ɪ d ə m ɪ d iː z /) is an elongated tubular genital organ attached to the posterior side of each one of the two male reproductive glands, the testicles.
The tunica vaginalis is a pouch of [2] serous membrane [3] within the scrotum that lines the testis and epididymis (visceral layer of tunica vaginalis), and the inner surface of the scrotum (parietal layer of tunica vaginalis).
Castration is any action, surgical, chemical, or otherwise, by which a male loses use of the testicles: the male gonad.Surgical castration is bilateral orchiectomy (excision of both testicles), while chemical castration uses pharmaceutical drugs to deactivate the testes.
It most often describes a temporary fluid congestion in the testicles or vulva, caused by prolonged sexual arousal without orgasm. [6] [7] The term epididymal hypertension is derived from the epididymis, a part of the male reproductive system. [8] The term is also applied to females despite the lack of an epididymis in female anatomy.
In the scrotum, the line is located over the internal scrotal septum that divides the two sides of the sac and is densely occupied by nerve fibers. [8] The raphe may become more prominent and darker when the scrotal sac tightens due to contractions. Behind the scrotum, it continues as the perineal raphe.
As the scrotum and labia majora form in males and females respectively, the gubernaculum aids in the descent of the gonads (both testes and ovaries). [3] The testes descend to a greater degree than the ovaries and ultimately pass through the inguinal canal into the scrotum. [3] The mechanism of this movement is still debated. [3]