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Early pregnancy bleeding (also called first trimester bleeding) is vaginal bleeding before 14 weeks of gestational age. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] If the bleeding is significant, hemorrhagic shock may occur. [ 1 ] Concern for shock is increased in those who have loss of consciousness , chest pain, shortness of breath , or shoulder pain.
Implantation bleeding may be confused with a regular period. [3] [4] Heavy vaginal bleeding in the first trimester or bleeding associated with pain, may be a sign of a complication, such as a miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy, that would need to be assessed by a healthcare provider. [5]
Bleeding in excess of this norm in a nonpregnant woman constitutes gynecologic hemorrhage. In addition, early pregnancy bleeding has sometimes been included as gynecologic hemorrhage, namely bleeding from a miscarriage or an ectopic pregnancy, while it actually represents obstetrical bleeding. However, from a practical view, early pregnancy ...
Antepartum bleeding, also known as antepartum haemorrhage (APH) or prepartum hemorrhage, is genital bleeding during pregnancy after the 28th week of pregnancy up to delivery. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It can be associated with reduced fetal birth weight. [ 3 ]
Severe complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium are present in 1.6% of mothers in the US, [6] and in 1.5% of mothers in Canada. [7] In the immediate postpartum period (puerperium), 87% to 94% of women report at least one health problem. [8] [9] Long-term health problems (persisting after six months postpartum) are reported by ...
[3] [18] Emotional support may help with processing the loss. [12] Miscarriage is the most common complication of early pregnancy. [19] Among women who know they are pregnant, the miscarriage rate is roughly 10% to 20%, while rates among all fertilisation is around 30% to 50%.
[57] [58] [59] [54] Women with vaginal bleeding during pregnancy are at higher risk for preterm birth. While bleeding in the third trimester may be a sign of placenta previa or placental abruption—conditions that occur frequently preterm—even earlier bleeding that is not caused by these conditions is linked to a higher preterm birth rate. [60]
When vaginal bleeding occurs in prepubertal children or in postmenopausal women, it always needs medical attention. [6] [7] [5] Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy can be normal, especially in early pregnancy. [8] However, bleeding may also indicate a pregnancy complication that needs to be medically addressed. [8]