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Maternal deprivation is a scientific term summarising the early work of psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John Bowlby on the effects of separating infants and young children from their mother (or primary caregiver). [1]
The maternal deprivation hypothesis published in 1951 spurred a shift away from the use of residential nurseries in favour of foster homes. [133] Bowlby's contemporary René Spitz observed separated children's grief, proposing that "psychotoxic" results were brought about by inappropriate experiences of early care.
Ainsworth separated the three dimensions of maternal deprivation into lack of maternal care, distortion of maternal care and discontinuity of maternal care. She analysed the dozens of studies undertaken in the field and concluded that the basic assertions of the maternal deprivation hypothesis were sound although the controversy continued. [68]
Bowlby was born in London to an upper-middle-income family. He was the fourth of six children and was brought up by a nanny in the British fashion of his class at that time: the family hired a nanny who was in charge of raising the children, in a separate nursery in the house. [4]
Bowlby proposed that proximity-seeking behaviour evolved out of selection pressure. [4] In the context of survival, a healthy internal working model helps the infant to maintain proximity to their caregiver in the face of threat or danger. [7] This is especially important for species with prolonged periods of development, like humans.
Preeclampsia, excessive bleeding, blood clots and cardiac conditions are some of the most common health problems that contribute to maternal mortality rates in the U.S. However, other risks are ...
This report, which was titled Maternal Care and Mental Health, was commissioned by the WHO and supported his theory of maternal deprivation. According to Bowlby, a child needs to have a loving and continuous relationship with the mother to avoid permanent developmental damage and hospitalism. [3]
Change 2: A more flexible definition of "healthy" The second change emphasizes the importance of individual needs and cultural differences when it comes defining a “healthy” diet.