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A variant in which the acetic acid is replaced with formic acid can be used for both fixation of tissue and decalcification. [3] The effects of the three chemicals in Bouin solution balance each other. Formalin causes cytoplasm to become basophilic but this effect is balanced by the effect of the picric acid.
Composites and amalgam are used mainly for direct restoration. Composites can be made of color matching the tooth, and the surface can be polished after the filling procedure has been completed. Amalgam fillings expand with age, possibly cracking the tooth and requiring repair and filling replacement, but chance of leakage of filling is less.
Compression of periodontal ligament near posterior teeth; Extrusion of posterior teeth; Increased lingual bone thickness, decreased buccal bone thickness [13] One of the limits of expansion is the zygomatic buttress. It is known that this anatomical bony complex limits the maxillary expansion posteriorly.
Jaw surgery may be required to fix severe malocclusions. [42] The bone is broken during surgery and stabilized with titanium (or bioresorbable) plates and screws to allow for healing to take place. [43] After surgery, regular orthodontic treatment is used to move the teeth into their final position. [44]
Patients may need post-orthodontic surgery, such as a fiberotomy or alternatively a gum lift, to prepare their teeth for retainer use and improve the gumline contours after the braces come off. After braces treatment, patients can use a transparent plate to keep the teeth in alignment for a certain period of time. After treatment, patients ...
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Bone decalcification is the softening of bones due to the removal of calcium ions, and can be performed as a histological technique to study bones and extract DNA. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This process also occurs naturally during bone development and growth, and when uninhibited, can cause diseases such as osteomalacia .
With lingual braces, brackets are adhered to the underside of the teeth on the top arch, bottom arch or both arches. Most patients choose lingual braces for aesthetic reasons, as they cannot be seen. Orthodontists that offer lingual braces will often suggest putting lingual braces on the upper teeth and clear ceramic braces on the bottom though ...