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The hyperpolarization creates a large signal intensity, and the wide range of chemical shifts allows for identifying when the 129 Xe associates with molecules like hemoglobin. 129 Xe is preferred over 131 Xe for MRI because 129 Xe has spin 1/2 (compared to 3/2 for 131 Xe), a longer T1 , and 3.4 times larger gyromagnetic ratio (11.78 MHz/T).
Hyperpolarization machines are currently being used to develop hyperpolarized xenon gas that is used as a visualization agent for the lungs. Xenon-129 is a safe inert noble gas that can be used to quantify lung function. With a single 10-second breath hold, hyperpolarized Xenon-129 is used with MRI to enable 3-dimensional lung imaging. [35]
Hyperpolarized gas MRI, also known as hyperpolarized helium-3 MRI or HPHe-3 MRI, is a medical imaging technique that uses hyperpolarized gases to improve the sensitivity and spatial resolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI is a functional medical imaging technique for probing perfusion and metabolism using injected substrates.. It is enabled by techniques for hyperpolarization of carbon-13-containing molecules using dynamic nuclear polarization and rapid dissolution to create an injectable solution.
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The induced electric field inside the brain tissue causes a change in transmembrane potentials resulting in depolarization or hyperpolarization of neurons, causing them to be more or less excitable, respectively. [19] TMS usually stimulates to a depth from 2 to 4 cm below the surface, depending on the coil and intensity used.
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