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Deep anatomy of the sole. The glabrous skin on the sole of the foot lacks the hair and pigmentation found elsewhere on the body, and it has a high concentration of sweat pores. The sole contains the thickest layers of skin on the body due to the weight that is continually placed on it.
The sole of the foot is one of the most highly vascularized regions of the body surface, and the dense system of blood vessels further stabilize the septa. [ 1 ] The Achilles tendon is the muscle tendon of the triceps surae , a "three-headed" group of muscles—the soleus and the two heads of the gastrocnemius .
The plantar calcaneocuboid ligament lies nearer to the bones than the long plantar ligament, from which it is separated by a little areolar tissue.. It is a short but wide band of great strength, and extends from the anterior tubercle of calcaneus and the depression in front of it, on the forepart of the plantar surface of the calcaneus, to the plantar surface of the cuboid posterior to the ...
The long plantar ligament is the longest of all the ligaments of the tarsus.It is attached behind to the plantar surface of the calcaneus in front of the tuberosity, and in front to the tuberosity on the plantar surface of the cuboid bone, the more superficial fibers being continued forward to the bases of the second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones.
In addition, the plantar fascia has a critical role in normal mechanical function of the foot, contributing to the "windlass mechanism". When the toes are dorsiflexed in the propulsive phase of gait, the plantar fascia becomes tense, resulting in elevation of the longitudinal arch and shortening of the foot (see 3A).
The medial plantar nerve supplies: the abductor hallucis, the flexor digitorum brevis, the flexor hallucis brevis and the first lumbrical.Cutaneous distribution of the medial plantar nerve is to the medial sole and medial three and one half toes, including the nail beds on the dorsum (like the median nerve in the hand).
In humans and many other primates, the calcaneus (/ k æ l ˈ k eɪ n i ə s /; from the Latin calcaneus or calcaneum, meaning heel; [1] pl.: calcanei or calcanea) or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitutes the heel.
External influences on plantar heel pain are the amount of time spent on feet while exercising or standing, type of footwear used and type of floor surfaces. [6] Calcaneal spur develops when proper care is not given to the foot and heels. [2] People who are obese, have flat feet, or who often wear high-heeled shoes are most susceptible to heel ...