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A bilingual individual's initial exposure to both languages may start in early childhood, e.g. before age 3, [5] but exposure may also begin later in life, in monolingual or bilingual education. Equal proficiency in a bilingual individuals' languages is rarely seen as it typically varies by domain. [6] For example, a bilingual individual may ...
In a maintenance bilingual education program, the goal is for students to continue to learn about and in both languages for the majority of their education. [5] Students in a maintenance bilingual education program should graduate being able to have a discussion about any content area in either language. [ 6 ]
Several observed outcomes of bilingual education are the transfer of academic and conceptual knowledge across both languages, greater success in programs that emphasize biliteracy as well as bilingualism, and better developed second-language (L2) literary skills for minority students than if they received a monolingual education in the majority ...
The beginnings of bilingual education in the United States asserted the primacy of speech and neglected written language learning. [16] The second language instruction of the 1960s and 70s heavily utilized oral–aural drills, and written portions of the courses were mimetic and repetition oriented, and structure, form, syntax , and grammar ...
Originating in the field of bilingual education, sheltered instruction has gained prominence as schools worldwide strive to meet the needs of diverse student populations. The approach encompasses various strategies, including differentiated instruction, visual aids, cooperative learning, and explicit language instruction, tailored to the ...
In 1968, the Bilingual Education Act was enacted, prompted by limited English-speaking minorities, especially Spanish-speaking citizens who insisted on maintaining their personal connectedness to their heritage and cultural ideals. It was in their hopes that "their lives and histories be included in the curriculum of schools, colleges, and ...
Bilingual–Bicultural or Bi-Bi deaf education programs use sign language as the native, or first, language of Deaf children. In the United States, for example, Bi-Bi proponents state that American Sign Language (ASL) should be the natural first language for deaf children in the United States, although the majority of deaf and hard of hearing being born to hearing parents.
Dual language is a form of education in which students are taught literacy and content in two languages. Most dual language programs in the United States teach in English and Spanish, but programs increasingly use a partner language other than Spanish, such as Arabic, Chinese, French, Hawaiian, Japanese, or Korean.