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In the philosophy of economics, economics is often divided into positive (or descriptive) and normative (or prescriptive) economics.Positive economics focuses on the description, quantification and explanation of economic phenomena, [1] while normative economics discusses prescriptions for what actions individuals or societies should or should not take.
Scholars contrast the concept of a free market with the concept of a coordinated market in fields of study such as political economy, new institutional economics, economic sociology, and political science. All of these fields emphasize the importance in currently existing market systems of rule-making institutions external to the simple forces ...
Business and economics portal; Concepts/topics. Borderless selling – Bypassing non-tariff barriers to trade; Economic globalization – International economic globalization; Economic sanctions – Financial penalties applied by nations; Fair trade – Sustainable and equitable trade; Free market – Form of market-based economy
An economic ideology is a set of views forming the basis of an ideology on how the economy should run. It differentiates itself from economic theory in being normative rather than just explanatory in its approach, whereas the aim of economic theories is to create accurate explanatory models to describe how an economy currently functions.
The essay argues that economics as science should be free of normative judgments for it to be respected as objective and to inform normative economics (for example whether to raise the minimum wage). Normative judgments frequently involve implicit predictions about the consequences of different policies.
A sustainable business, or a green business, is an enterprise which has (or aims to have) a minimal negative impact or potentially a positive effect on the global or local environment, community, society, or economy—a business that attempts to meet the triple bottom line.
A creative economy is based on people's use of their creative imagination to increase an idea's value.John Howkins developed the concept in 2001 to describe economic systems where value is based on novel imaginative qualities rather than the traditional resources of land, labour and capital.: [1] Compared to creative industries, which are limited to specific sectors, the term is used to ...
The concept is named after Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923), an Italian civil engineer and economist, who used the concept in his studies of economic efficiency and income distribution. Pareto originally used the word "optimal" for the concept, but this is somewhat of a misnomer : Pareto's concept more closely aligns with an idea of "efficiency ...